What is the pH scale range for measuring acidity and alkalinity?

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to quantify the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and it ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, indicating a balance between acidity and alkalinity. Values below 7 indicate increasing acidity, while values above 7 indicate increasing alkalinity. This broad scale allows for differentiation between weak acids, strong acids, weak bases, and strong bases, providing a comprehensive understanding of the chemical properties of different substances. Understanding the full scale is vital in various fields, including septic system maintenance, where the pH can influence microbial activity and the overall health of the system.